SULOGIN(8)

NAME
sulogin - Single-user login

SYNOPSIS
sulogin [ -e ] [ -p ] [ -t SECONDS ] [ TTY ]

DESCRIPTION
sulogin is invoked by init(8) when the system goes into single user mode. (This is done through an entry in inittab(5).) init(8) also tries to execute sulogin when the boot loader (e.g., grub(8)) passes it the -b option.

The user is prompted:

    Give root password for system maintenance
    (or type Control-D for normal startup):

sulogin will be connected to the current terminal, or to the optional device that can be specified on the command line (typically /dev/console).

If the -t option is used then the program only waits the given number of seconds for user input.

If the -p option is used then the single-user shell is invoked with a dash as the first character in argv[0]. This causes the shell process to behave as a login shell. The default is not to do this, so that the shell will not read /etc/profile or $HOME/.profile at startup.

After the user exits the single-user shell, or presses control-D at the prompt, the system will (continue to) boot to the default runlevel.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
sulogin looks for the environment variable SUSHELL or sushell to determine what shell to start. If the environment variable is not set, it will try to execute root's shell from /etc/passwd. If that fails it will fall back to /bin/sh.

This is very valuable together with the -b option to init(8). To boot the system into single user mode, with the root file system mounted read/write, using a special "fail safe" shell that is statically linked (this example is valid for the LILO bootprompt)

boot: linux -b rw sushell=/sbin/sash

FALLBACK METHODS
sulogin checks the root password using the standard method (getpwnam(3)) first. Then, if the -e option was specified, sulogin examines these files directly to find the root password:

/etc/passwd,
/etc/shadow (if present)

If they are damaged or nonexistent, sulogin will start a root shell without asking for a password. Only use the -e option if you are sure the console is physically protected against unauthorized access.

AUTHOR
Miquel van Smoorenburg (miquels@cistron.nl)

SEE ALSO
init(8), inittab(5)